As a business owner and/or manager, you work hard and spend a considerable amount of time and money on hiring the right people. Prior experience, references and whether or not the person will fit into your company's culture are all things that must be carefully examined. If you're thorough and do your homework, chances are the person will likely work out.

But what happens six months, a year, or 5 years down the road when things take a turn for the worse?

Employees -- especially those on the fast track -- work hard to stand out and find a way to showcase their professional accomplishments to superiors. Therefore it's easy for bosses to spot an employee working hard who possesses a positive attitude, unrelenting work ethic and impressive achievements. But while these are obvious, it's more difficult (but no less important) to spot the signs of an employee who has grown dissatisfied and complacent. Not only should be on the lookout for these workers because of the turnover costs should they decide to leave, but also because allowing them to stay on the job when their hearts aren't in it is a morale killer.

So here are five ways to spot an ineffective employee.

1. Coworker Complaints
Coworkers will occasionally have arguments. Sometimes they'll rise to the level of human resources having to get involved. This is unavoidable and most of the time can be worked out with minimal effort. But if a formerly stellar employee is suddenly the subject of multiple complaints and you hear his/her coworkers constantly grumbling, then something might be amiss. 

2. Mission Impossible
Outstanding employees are usually great problem-solvers. The most successful people are normally the ones who work towards a solution at all costs, never for a moment considering the issue they've been tasked with is impossible or can't be done. So if you have an employee who is dismissing new ideas out of hand and saying "I can't do that" or "That's impossible" without even really considering it first, consider that a major red flag. This isn't to say a cautious voice of reason isn't valuable. It is. But you want employees who overcome obstacles or find a way around them. Someone who gives up without even trying is just going to bring everyone else down.

3. "That's Not My Job."
The recession hit a lot of people hard. Many jobs were lost and companies have been hesitant to hire people back in these tumultuous economic times. For workers, that means less employees to do an increased amount of work, often for the same (or less) pay. Is this fair? Not really. But there are millions of Americans who have been out of work for a long time, who'd be willing to do just about anything for a job. So when you find one employee constantly saying "that's not my job" while the rest of his/her team is pitching in and doing their part to make things work, you should take notice. While employers shouldn't dump undue and unfair amounts of work on people, employees should always be open to examining new challenges and responsibilities.

4. Don't Be So Negative
Have your business meetings and brainstorming sessions turned cloudy? It's probably because you have that one worker who does nothing but point out the negatives and highlight the flaws in everyone else's ideas. While it's necessary to point out potential pitfalls, the rule of thumb should be coming up for a solution to every problem you point out. You want employees who can not only spot the negative, but come up with a way to fix the problem. Encouragement and positivity are essential for fostering innovative new ideas, and workers who do nothing but criticize can be poisonous to growth and success.

5. Ultimatums
Your employee believes he/she is underpaid and deserves a promotion and/or raise. Fine. But there are right and wrong ways to ask for a salary bump. Bringing up coworkers' salaries and constantly announcing all the other companies offering you jobs is not the way to go about it. If your employee is consistently acting as if one foot is out the door, it might be time to give him/her the push completely out of the building.